This video presents the results of a major meta-analysis published in 2024 on the effectiveness of primary prevention programs for sexual violence, based on 295 studies conducted between 1985 and 2018 in 13 countries, primarily in the United States. It analyzes what actually works in prevention, and especially what doesn't, after nearly 40 years of research.
The analysis shows that most prevention programs succeed in changing participants' perceptions, particularly by reducing belief in rape myths and improving knowledge about sexual violence. However, these changes in perceptions rarely translate into measurable changes in behavior, either among potential perpetrators or witnesses.
Researchers highlight several structural limitations of traditional programs: an excessive focus on attitudes and beliefs, an overestimation of the link between intentions and behaviors, and an underestimation of real obstacles to action, such as fear of social reactions, lack of concrete skills to intervene, or the weight of context.
The meta-analysis shows that the most effective programs are those that avoid stigmatizing men, encourage their engagement as allies, and target witnesses rather than just potential perpetrators. Longer-term interventions and university-based programs achieve better results in terms of perceptions, but even then, the behavioral impact remains limited.
The authors recommend moving beyond purely educational approaches to incorporate strategies from behavioral science: addressing social norms, developing practical skills, creating concrete action plans, providing contextual reminders, using nudges, and implementing interventions targeting at-risk environments. They also emphasize the need for multi-level action, combining individual, institutional, and community-based initiatives, and for better evaluating the long-term impact of programs on behavior.
The conclusion is clear: primary prevention of sexual violence cannot be limited to changing people's thoughts. To be truly effective, it must directly address behaviors, the contexts in which violence occurs, and the concrete obstacles that hinder prosocial action.
